Cloud seeding is a weather modification technique that involves dispersing substances into clouds to enhance precipitation, suppress hail, disperse fog, or mitigate drought. The most common agents are silver iodide (AgI), dry ice (solid CO₂), and hygroscopic materials like calcium chloride or salt. Delivery methods include aircraft (wing-mounted flares or droppable canisters), ground-based...

Compostable multilayer films are flexible packaging materials engineered to fully biodegrade into water, carbon dioxide, and biomass under industrial or home composting conditions, leaving no toxic residues. Unlike conventional plastic multilayers (PE, PP, PET), these films combine multiple layers of biodegradable polymers such as PLA (polylactic acid), PBAT (polybutylene adipate...

Cultured beef, also known as cultivated beef or cell-based beef, is real meat produced by culturing animal cells in a controlled bioreactor environment rather than raising and slaughtering livestock. The process begins with a small sample of stem cells (typically muscle or fat progenitor cells) taken from a living animal via biopsy. These cells are then fed a nutrient-rich medium containing...

Laser Doppler blood flow measurement devices are non-invasive diagnostic instruments that utilize the laser Doppler principle to quantify microvascular blood flow in real time. A low-power laser beam is directed at tissue, where it interacts with moving red blood cells, causing a Doppler frequency shift in the backscattered light. This shift is proportional to the velocity of blood cells and,...

Plant-based multivitamins gummies are chewable dietary supplements formulated without animal-derived ingredients, using vegan-friendly sources for vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients. They typically contain plant-sourced vitamins (e.g., vitamin D3 from lichen, B12 from fermentation, vitamin C from acerola cherry or citrus), minerals from algae or plant extracts, and natural flavors, colors,...

IMO compliant marine fuel refers to bunker fuels that meet the International Maritime Organization's (IMO) sulfur emission regulations, primarily under MARPOL Annex VI. The most significant rule is the 2020 global sulfur cap, limiting sulfur content in marine fuels to 0.50% m/m (previously 3.50% outside Emission Control Areas). In Emission Control Areas (ECAs) such as the Baltic Sea, North Sea,...

FTTH (Fiber to the Home) GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network) is a fiber-optic broadband access technology that delivers high-speed internet, voice, and video services directly to residential and small business premises. GPON is the most widely deployed FTTH standard globally, defined by ITU-T G.984 series, offering downstream speeds up to 2.488 Gbps and upstream up to 1.244 Gbps over a...

Nystagmus is an involuntary, rhythmic, oscillatory eye movement that can be horizontal, vertical, torsional, or mixed. It is classified into congenital (infantile) nystagmus (present from birth or early infancy) and acquired nystagmus (developing later due to neurological, vestibular, or ocular causes). Common underlying conditions include albinism, congenital cataracts, optic nerve hypoplasia,...

Animal-based shortenings are solid or semi-solid fats derived from animal sources, primarily used in baking, frying, and food manufacturing to improve texture, flavor, shelf life, and mouthfeel. The most common types include lard (rendered pork fat), beef tallow (rendered beef fat), and butter-based shortenings (anhydrous milk fat or ghee). These fats are valued for their high smoke points,...

Active, Smart and Intelligent Packaging Market stood at USD 95.85 Billion in 2024 and is forecasted to hit USD 163.47 Billion by 2032, progressing at a CAGR of 6.9% (2025–2032).